R
Radio Frequency (RF): A
form of wireless communications that lets users relay information via
electromagnetic energy waves from a terminal to a base station which is linked,
in turn, to a host computer. The terminal can be placed at a fixed station,
mounted on a forklift truck, or carried in a worker's hand. The base station
contains a transmitter and receiver for communication with the terminal. RF
systems use either narrow-band or spread-spectrum transmissions. Narrow-band
data transmissions move along a single limited radio frequency, while
spread-spectrum transmissions move across several different frequencies. When
combines with a bar code system of identifying inventory items, a radio
frequency system can relay data instantly, thus updating inventory records in
so-called real time.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): The use of radio frequency technology such as RFID tags and
tag readers to identify objects. Objects may include virtually anything
physical, such as equipment, pallets of stock, or even individual units of
product.
Ramp
Rate: A statement which quantifies how
quickly you grow or expand an operation growth trajectory. Can refer to sales,
profits, or margins.
Rationing: The allocation of product among customers, or components
among manufactured goods during periods of short supply. When price is used to
allocate product, it's allocated to those willing to pay the most.
Raw
Materials (RM): Crude or processed material that
can be converted by manufacturing, processing, or a combination thereof into a
new and useful product.
Real
Time: The processing of data in a
business application as it happens, as contrasted with storing data for input
at a later time (batch processing).
Receiving: The function encompassing the physical receipt of material,
the inspection of the shipment for conformance with the purchase order
(quantity and damage), the identification and delivery to destination, and the
preparation of receiving reports.
Receiving
Dock: Distribution center location where
the actual physical receipt of the purchased material from the carrier occurs.
Reengineering: (1) A fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of
business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in performance. (2) A term
used to describe the process of making (usually) significant and major
revisions or modifications to business processes. (3) Also called Business
Process Reengineering.
Refrigerated Carriers:
Truckload carriers designed to keep perishables good refrigerated. The food
industry typically uses this type of carrier.
Release-to-Start Manufacturing: Average time from order release to manufacturing to the start
of the production process. This cycle time may typically be required to support
activities like material movement and line changeovers.
Replenishment: The process of moving or resupplying inventory from a reserve
(or upstream) storage location or facility to a primary (or downstream) storage
or picking location, or to another mode of storage in which picking is
performed.
Request for Information (RFI): A document used to solicit information about vendors,
products, and services prior to a formal RFQ/RFP process.
Request for Proposal (RFP): A document which provides information concerning needs and
requirements for a manufacturer. This document is created in order to solicit
proposals from potential suppliers. For example, a computer manufacturer may
use an RFP to solicit proposals from suppliers of third party logistics
services.
Request for Quote (RFQ):
A document used to solicit vendor responses when a product has been selected
and price quotations are needed from several vendors.
Resellers: Organizations intermediate in manufacturing and
distribution process such as wholesalers and retailers.
Resource
Driver: In cost accounting, the best single
quantitative measure of the frequency and intensity of demands placed on a
resource by other resources, activities, or cost objects. It's used to assign
resource costs to activities and cost objects, or to other resources.
Resources: Economic elements applied or used in the performance of
activities or to directly support cost objects. They include people, materials,
supplies, equipment, technologies, and facilities. Also see: Resource Driver, Capacity.
Retailer: A business that takes title to products and resells them to
final consumers. Examples include Wal-Mart, Best Buy, and Safeway, but also
include the many smaller independent stores.
Return Disposal Costs:
The costs associated with disposing or recycling products that have been
returned due to customer rejects, end of life, or obsolescence.
Return Goods Handling:
Processes involved with returning goods from the customer to the manufacturer.
Products may be returned because of performance problems or simply because the
customer doesn't like the product.
Return Material Authorization or Return Merchandise
Authorization (RMA): A number usually produced to
recognize and give authority for a faulty (perhaps) good to be returned to a
distribution center or manufacturer. A form generally required with a warranty/return
which helps the company identify the original product and the reason for the
return. The RMA number often acts as an order form for the work required in
repair situations, or as a reference for credit approval.
Return Order Management Costs: The costs associated with managing Return Material
Authorization (RMA). Includes all applicable elements of the Level 2 component
order management cost of total supply chain management cost.
Return Product Authorization (RPA): Also called Return Material or Goods Authorization (RMA or
RGA). A form generally required with a warranty/return which helps the company
identify the original product and the reason for the return. The RPA number
often acts as an order form for the work required in repair situations or as a
reference for credit approval.
Return to Vendor (RTV):
Material that has been rejected by the customer or the buyer's inspection
department and is awaiting shipment back to the supplier for repair or
replacement.
Returns Inventory Costs:
The costs associated with managing inventory returned for any of the following
reasons: repair, refurbish, excess, obsolescence, end of life, ecological
conformance, and demonstration. Includes all applicable elements of the Level 2
component Inventory Carrying Cost of Total Supply Chain Management Cost.
Returns Material Acquisition, Finance, Planning, and IT
Costs: The costs associated with acquiring
the defective products and materials for repair or refurbishing items, plus any
finance, planning, and information technology costs to support return activity.
Includes all applicable elements of the Level 2 components material acquisition
cost (acquiring materials for repairs), supply chain-related finance and
planning costs, and supply chain management cost.
Returns Processing Cost:
The total cost to process repairs, refurbished, excess, obsolete, and
end-of-life products, including diagnosing problems and replacing products.
Includes the costs of logistics support, materials, centralized functions,
troubleshooting service requests, on-site diagnosis and repair, external
repair, and miscellaneous. These costs are broken into Returns Order
Management, Returns Inventory Carrying, Returns Material Acquisition, Finance,
Planning, IT, Disposal, and Warranty Costs.
Returns
to Scale: A defining characteristic of B2B.
Bigger is better. It's what creates the "winner takes all" quality of
most B2B hubs. It also places a premium on being first to market and first to
achieve critical mass.
Reverse Engineering: A
process whereby competitors' products are disassembled and analyzed for
evidence of the use of better processes, components, and techniques.
Reverse
Logistics: A specialized segment of logistics
focusing on the movement and management of products and resources after the
sale and after delivery to the customer. Includes product returns for repair
and/or credit.
RMA: Return Material Authorization. Also see: Return Product Authorization.
Root Cause Analysis:
Analytical methods to determine the core problem(s) of an organization,
process, products, market, etc.
Routing or Routing Guide:
(1) Process of determining how shipment will move between origin and
destination. Routing information includes designation of carrier(s) involved,
actual route of carrier, and estimate time en route. (2) Right of shipper to
determine carriers, routes, and points for transfer shipments. (3) In
manufacturing, this is the document which defines a process of steps used to
manufacture and/or assemble a product.
Routing
Accuracy: When specified activities conform
to administrative specifications, and specified resource consumptions (both man
and machine) are detailed according to administrative specifications and are
within 10% of actual requirements.
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